Exactly seven years ago, the World Trade Centre in New York was brought down by a terrorist attack by the world's most cruelest terror group Al Qaeda. What was a moment of pride for them resulted into death of thousands of Americans who worked there. I still vividly remember that it was around 7.30 in India when the first visuals of the attack on the twin towers flashed on my tv screen. My parents were scheduled to leave for the US on the 14th. While their minds drifted from their concern about their trip to the Gujju relatives we had in the US... the impact on me was tremendous. It hit me hard. I couldnt get over the fact that two planes from nowhere came and blew up the towers... world's most recognisable landmark... where thousands of people might have clicked their pictures with the twin towers in the background... it was mind numbing. A family friend - Aditya Surti was in studying in Albany at that time. Aditya was out of his wits when he was talking to us on the phone. Perhaps the notion that Americans carried 'Nothing can happen to us in our own country' had been targetted and their faith shattered.
Days that followed revealed the magnaminity of the attack.. hijackers had trained on the american soil... it had been planned to the last detail... they had a plan, a team, and all the resources in place before they undertook this mammoth and dangerous, condemnable task to kill innocents.
However as they say that time heals everything... i soon forgot about the episode.. life moved on and today... just another day in life... i read on one of the websites of how families in the US are still coping with their loss... that how a loss of a human being is irrepairable... and towards the end of the article... all those memories and the follow up of 9/11 came flashing back to my mind.
I briefly read the book - The 9/11 Commission Report some years back when i was browsing through books... one of the chapters in the report has vivid account of what happened and when it all happened... here's an excerpt:
SEPTEMBER 11, 2001
As we turn to the events of September 11, we are mindful of the unfair perspective afforded by hindsight.Nevertheless,we will try to describe what happened in the following 102 minutes:
- the 17 minutes from the crash of the hijacked American Airlines Flight 11 into 1 World Trade Center (the North Tower) at 8:46 until the South Tower was hit
- the 56 minutes from the crash of the hijacked United Airlines Flight 175 into 2 World Trade Center (the South Tower) at 9:03 until the collapse of the South Tower
- the 29 minutes from the collapse of the South Tower at 9:59 until the collapse of the North Tower at 10:28
From 8:46 until 9:03 A.M.
At 8:46:40, the hijacked American Airlines Flight 11 flew into the upper portion of the North Tower, cutting through floors 93 to 99. Evidence suggests that all three of the building stairwells became impassable from the 92nd floor up. Hundreds of civilians were killed instantly by the impact. Hundreds more remained alive but trapped. Civilians, Fire Safety Personnel, and 911 Calls North Tower. A jet fuel fireball erupted upon impact and shot down at least one bank of elevators.The fireball exploded onto numerous lower floors, including the 77th and 22nd;the West Street lobby level;and the B4 level,four stories below ground.The burning jet fuel immediately created thick,black smoke that enveloped the upper floors and roof of the North Tower.The roof of the South Tower was also engulfed in smoke because of prevailing light winds from the northwest. Within minutes, New York City 911 system was flooded with eyewitness accounts of the event. Most callers correctly identified the target of the attack. Some identified the plane as a commercial airliner. The first response came from private firms and individuals—the people and companies in the building. Everything that would happen to them during the next few minutes would turn on their circumstances and their preparedness, assisted by building personnel on-site.
Hundreds of civilians trapped on or above the 92nd floor gathered in large and small groups, primarily between the 103rd and 106th floors.A large group was reported on the 92nd floor, technically below the impact but unable to descend. Civilians were also trapped in elevators. Other civilians below the impact zone—mostly on floors in the 70s and 80s,but also on at least the 47th and 22nd floors—were either trapped or waiting for assistance.
It is unclear when the first full building evacuation order was attempted over the public-address system.The deputy fire safety director in the lobby,while immediately aware that a major incident had occurred, did not know for approximately ten minutes that a commercial jet had directly hit the building. Following protocol, he initially gave announcements to those floors that had generated computerized alarms,advising those tenants to descend to points of safety—at least two floors below the smoke or fire—and to wait there for further instructions. The deputy fire safety director has told us that he began instructing a full evacuation within about ten minutes of the explosion. But the first FDNY chiefs to arrive in the lobby were advised by the Port Authority fire safety director—who had reported to the lobby although he was no longer the designated fire safety director—that the full building evacuation announcement had been made within one minute of the building being hit.
Because of damage to building systems caused by the impact of the plane, public-address announcements were not heard in many locations.For the same reason, many civilians may have been unable to use the emergency intercom phones, as they had been advised to do in fire drills. Many called 911.
The 911 system was not equipped to handle the enormous volume of calls it received.Some callers were unable to connect with 911 operators,receiving an "all circuits busy"message. Standard operating procedure was for calls relating to fire emergencies to be transferred from 911 operators to FDNY dispatch operators in the appropriate borough (in this case, Manhattan).Transfers were often plagued by delays and were in some cases unsuccessful. Many calls were also prematurely disconnected.
The 911 operators and FDNY dispatchers had no information about either the location or the magnitude of the impact zone and were therefore unable to provide information as fundamental as whether callers were above or below the fire. Because the operators were not informed of NYPD Aviation’s determination of the impossibility of rooftop rescues from the Twin Towers on that day, they could not knowledgeably answer when callers asked whether to go up or down. In most instances, therefore, the operators and the FDNY dispatchers relied on standard operating procedures for high-rise fires—that civilians should stay low, remain where they are, and wait for emergency personnel to reach them.This advice was given to callers from the North Tower for locations both above and below the impact zone. Fire chiefs told us that the evacuation of tens of thousands of people from skyscrapers can create many new problems, especially for individuals who are disabled or in poor health. Many of the injuries after the 1993 bombing occurred during the evacuation.
Although the guidance to stay in place may seem understandable in cases of conventional high-rise fires,FDNY chiefs in the North Tower lobby determined at once that all building occupants should attempt to evacuate immediately. By 8:57, FDNY chiefs had instructed the PAPD and building personnel to evacuate the South Tower as well, because of the magnitude of the damage caused by the first plane’s impact.
These critical decisions were not conveyed to 911 operators or to FDNY dispatchers. Departing from protocol, a number of operators told callers that they could break windows, and several operators advised callers to evacuate if they could. Civilians who called the Port Authority police desk located at 5 WTC were advised to leave if they could.
Most civilians who were not obstructed from proceeding began evacuating without waiting for instructions over the intercom system. Some remained to wait for help,as advised by 911 operators.Others simply continued to work or delayed to collect personal items,but in many cases were urged to leave by others.Some PortAuthority civilian employees remained on various upper floors to help civilians who were trapped and to assist in the evacuation.
While evacuating, some civilians had trouble reaching the exits because of damage caused by the impact.Some were confused by deviations in the increasingly crowded stairwells,and impeded by doors that appeared to be locked but actually were jammed by debris or shifting that resulted from the impact of the plane.Despite these obstacles,the evacuation was relatively calm and orderly.
Within ten minutes of impact, smoke was beginning to rise to the upper floors in debilitating volumes and isolated fires were reported, although there were some pockets of refuge.Faced with insufferable heat,smoke,and fire,and with no prospect for relief, some jumped or fell from the building.
South Tower. Many civilians in the South Tower were initially unaware of what had happened in the other tower. Some believed an incident had occurred in their building; others were aware that a major explosion had occurred on the upper floors of the North Tower. Many people decided to leave, and some were advised to do so by fire wardens.
In addition, Morgan Stanley,which occupied more than 20 floors of the South Tower,evacuated its employees by the decision of company security officials.
Consistent with protocol, at 8:49 the deputy fire safety director in the South Tower told his counterpart in the North Tower that he would wait to hear from "the boss from the Fire Department or somebody" before ordering an evacuation. At about this time, an announcement over the public-address system in the South Tower stated that the incident had occurred in the other building and advised tenants,generally,that their building was safe and that they should remain on or return to their offices or floors.A statement from the deputy fire safety director informing tenants that the incident had occurred in the other building was consistent with protocol; the expanded advice did not correspond to any existing written protocol,and did not reflect any instruction known to have been given to the deputy fire safety director that day.We do not know the reason for the announcement,as both the deputy fire safety director believed to have made it and the director of fire safety for the WTC complex perished in the South Tower’s collapse.
Clearly,however,the prospect of another plane hitting the second building was beyond the contemplation of anyone giving advice.According to one of the first fire chiefs to arrive,such a scenario was unimaginable,"beyond our consciousness." As a result of the announcement,many civilians remained on their floors. Others reversed their evacuation and went back up.
Similar advice was given in person by security officials in both the ground-floor lobby—where a group of 20 that had descended by the elevators was personally instructed to go back upstairs—and in the upper sky lobby,where many waited for express elevators to take them down.Security officials who gave this advice were not part of the fire safety staff.
Several South Tower occupants called the Port Authority police desk in 5 WTC. Some were advised to stand by for further instructions; others were strongly advised to leave. It is not known whether the order by the FDNY to evacuate the South Tower was received by the deputy fire safety director making announcements there.However,at approximately 9:02—less than a minute before the building was hit—an instruction over the South Tower’s public-address system advised civilians, generally, that they could begin an orderly evacuation if conditions warranted. Like the earlier advice to remain in place, it did not correspond to any prewritten emergency instruction.
Well, so in the end....
There were
2,974 fatalities, excluding the 19 hijackers: 246 on the four planes (from which there were no survivors), 2,603 in New York City in the towers and on the ground, and 125 at
the Pentagon. An additional 24 people remain listed as missing. All of the fatalities in the attacks were civilians except for 55 military personnel killed at the Pentagon. More than 90 countries lost citizens in the attacks on the World Trade Center.
NIST estimated that
approximately 17,400 civilians were in the World Trade Center complex at the time of the attacks, while turnstile counts from the
Port Authority suggest that
14,154 people were typically in the Twin Towers by 8:45 a.m. The vast majority of people below the impact zone safely evacuated the buildings, along with 18 individuals who were in the impact zone in the south tower.
1,366 people died who were at or above the floors of impact in the North Tower. According to the Commission Report, hundreds were killed instantly by the impact,
while the rest were trapped and died after the tower collapsed. As many as 600 people were killed instantly or were trapped at or above the floors of impact in the South Tower.
At least
200 people jumped to their deaths from the burning towers, landing on the streets and rooftops of adjacent buildings hundreds of feet below. Some of the occupants of each tower above its point of impact made their way upward toward the roof in hope of helicopter rescue, but the roof access doors were locked. No plan existed for helicopter rescues, and on September 11, the thick smoke and intense heat would have prevented helicopters from conducting rescues.
Its been seven years. US is still to catch hold of Osama Bin Laden. But this terror attack that shook the world some seven years ago, is no more 'their' problem. The 9/11 attack is being seen as the most successful attempt by the fundamentalists... and maybe they are using it as a case study while training more men to carry out the jihad world over. Which means, its no longer just 'their' problem... we too will have to deal with it... sooner or later.